Muri 2017, ubwo isoko ryamagare ryimbere mu gihugu ryari ryuzuye, ibimoteri byamashanyarazi, amagare yamashanyarazi hamwe nigare risangiwe byatangiye kugaragara mumijyi minini yo hakurya y'inyanja.Umuntu uwo ari we wese akeneye gufungura terefone hanyuma akanasuzuma kode-ebyiri zo gufungura no gutangira.
Muri uyu mwaka, Abashinwa Bao Zhoujia na Sun Weiyao bashinze LimeBike (nyuma yiswe Lime) mu kibaya cya Silicon kugira ngo batange serivisi zo gusangira amagare adafite amapikipiki, amagare y’amashanyarazi hamwe n’ibimoteri by’amashanyarazi, kandi binjije miliyoni zirenga 300 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu gihe kitarenze umwaka Amafaranga, igiciro cyageze Miliyari 1,1 z'amadolari y'Amerika, kandi yahise yagura ubucuruzi muri California, Florida, Washington…
Muri icyo gihe kimwe, Inyoni yashinzwe n’uwahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru wa Lyft na Uber, Travis VanderZanden, nayo yimuye ibimoteri byayo isanganywe mu mihanda y’umujyi, irangiza ibyiciro 4 by’inguzanyo mu gihe kitarenze umwaka, hamwe n’ibindi byose hamwe arenga miliyoni 400 z'amadolari y'Amerika.“Unicorn”, niyo yihuse cyane igera ku gaciro ka miliyari imwe y'amadolari y'Amerika muri kiriya gihe, ndetse yageze ku giciro gitangaje cya miliyari 2 z'amadolari ya Amerika muri Kamena 2018
Iyi ni inkuru yumusazi mu kibaya cya Silicon.Mu cyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza h'urugendo rusangiwe, ibimoteri by'amashanyarazi, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bifite ibiziga bibiri hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu bushobora gukemura ikibazo cya "kilometero yanyuma" byahindutse abashoramari.
Mu myaka itanu ishize, abashoramari bashoye miliyari zirenga 5 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu masosiyete “ingendo-nto” yo mu Burayi no muri Amerika-iyi ni igihe cyizahabu cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zisangiwe mu mahanga.
Buri cyumweru, ibirango byamashanyarazi bisangiwe bigereranwa nibirango nka Lime na Bird bizongeramo ibimoteri ibihumbi nibihumbi kandi bibiteze imbere kurubuga rusange.
Lime, Inyoni, Spin, Ihuza, Lyft… Aya mazina hamwe na scooters zabo z'amashanyarazi ntabwo zifite imyanya ikomeye mumihanda gusa, ahubwo zifata urupapuro rwambere rwibigo bikomeye byishoramari.Ariko nyuma yicyorezo gitunguranye, abahoze ari unicorn bagombaga guhura numubatizo wamasoko.
Inyoni, yigeze kugira agaciro ka miliyari 2.3 z'amadolari, yashyizwe ku rutonde binyuze mu guhuza SPAC.Ubu igiciro cyacyo kiri munsi yamafaranga 50, kandi agaciro kayo ni miliyoni 135 gusa, byerekana ko ibintu byifashe nabi kumasoko abanza nayisumbuye.Lime, izwi ku izina rya sosiyete ikora amashanyarazi menshi ku isi, Isuzuma ryigeze kugera kuri miliyari 2.4 z'amadolari y'Amerika, ariko igiciro cyakomeje kugabanuka mu nkunga yakurikiyeho, kigabanuka kugera kuri miliyoni 510 z'amadolari y'Amerika, kugabanuka kwa 79%.Nyuma yamakuru avuga ko azashyirwa ku rutonde muri 2022, ubu yitonze ahitamo gukomeza gutegereza.
Ikigaragara ni uko inkuru yingendo zimaze guhuza igitsina kandi zishimishije zabaye nke.Ukuntu abashoramari n'itangazamakuru bari bafite ishyaka mu ntangiriro, ubu barazinutswe.
Inyuma yibi byose, byagenze bite kuri serivisi ya "micro-travel" ihagarariwe na scooters yamashanyarazi mumahanga?
Amateka y'Igitsina ya Mile Yanyuma
Ubushinwa butanga amasoko + ingendo zisangiwe + isoko ry’imari mu mahanga, iyi ni impamvu ikomeye yatumye abashoramari bo mu mahanga basara ku isoko ry’ingendo basangiye mbere.
Mu ntambara yo kugabana amagare mu gihugu yari yuzuye, umurwa mukuru w’amahanga wumvise amahirwe y’ubucuruzi arimo kandi ubona intego iboneye.
Muri Amerika, abitabiriye amahugurwa bahagarariwe na Lime na Bird basanze “ibice bitatu byingendo” byibanda ku magare adafite amapikipiki, amagare y’amashanyarazi hamwe n’ibimoteri by’amashanyarazi kugira ngo babone ingendo ndende zikenewe n’abakoresha batandukanye.Igisubizo cyiza.
Sun Weiyao, washinze Lime, yagize ati:Mu bice bifite ubwinshi bwabaturage, igipimo cyo gukoresha ibimoteri ni kinini.;kandi iyo bakora urugendo rurerure, abantu bakunda guhitamo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi;abantu bakunda siporo mu mijyi bafite ubushake bwo gukoresha amagare asangiwe. ”
Ati: “Ku bijyanye no kugarura ibiciro, ibicuruzwa by'amashanyarazi bifite ibyiza byinshi.Kuberako abakoresha bafite ubushake bwo kwishyura byinshi kugirango bishimire uburambe bwibicuruzwa, ariko igiciro cyibicuruzwa nacyo kiri hejuru, nko gukenera gusimbuza bateri cyangwa kwishyuza. ”
Igishushanyo mbonera cyatekerejwe na unicorn, intandaro yumwanya wa C mubyukuri ni scooter yamashanyarazi, ntabwo ari ukubera ikirenge cyayo gito, umuvuduko wihuse, hamwe na manipulation yoroshye, ariko nanone kubera agaciro kiyongereye kazanwa nikoranabuhanga ryacyo nibiranga ibidukikije. .
Imibare irerekana ko umubare w’inyuma ya 90 muri Amerika ufite uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga wagabanutse uva kuri 91% mu myaka ya za 1980 ugera kuri 77% muri 2014. Kuba hari umubare munini w’abantu badafite imodoka, hamwe n’icyitegererezo cya karubone nkeya cyashyigikiwe. hamwe na moteri isanganywe amashanyarazi, nayo ihuza ninyuma yizamuka ryibikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije kuva mu kinyagihumbi gishya.
“Umugisha” uva mu nganda zikora inganda mu Bushinwa wabaye indi mpamvu ikomeye yo “kwera” izi mbuga zo hanze.
Mubyukuri, ibimoteri byamashanyarazi byabanje gukoreshwa namasosiyete nka Bird na Lime ahanini byaturutse mubigo byabashinwa.Ibicuruzwa ntabwo bifite ibyiza byibiciro gusa, ahubwo bifite ibicuruzwa byihuse kandi nibidukikije binini cyane.Kuzamura ibicuruzwa bitanga inkunga nziza.
Dufashe Lime nk'urugero, byatwaye imyaka itatu uhereye ku gisekuru cya mbere cyibicuruzwa bya scooter kugeza igihe cyo gutangiza igisekuru cya kane cy’ibicuruzwa by’ibimoteri, ariko ibisekuruza bibiri bya mbere by’ibicuruzwa byakozwe n’amasosiyete yo mu gihugu, naho igisekuru cya gatatu cyakozwe mu bwigenge na Lime. .Kwishingikiriza kuri sisitemu yo gutanga isoko ikuze.
Kugirango inkuru "yanyuma ya kilometero" irusheho gushyuha, Lime ninyoni nabo bakoresheje urubuga "ubwenge".
Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, abakoresha Lime n’inyoni barashobora kujyana mu buryo butaziguye ibimoteri byo hanze hanze, bakishyuza ayo magare nijoro, hanyuma bakabasubiza ahantu hagenwe mu gitondo, kugirango urubuga ruzishyura abakoresha amafaranga runaka, Kandi kugirango bakemure ikibazo ya parikingi idasanzwe ya scooters.
Icyakora, kimwe n’imiterere y’imbere mu gihugu, ibibazo bitandukanye byagaragaye mu gihe cyo kuzamura amapikipiki asanganywe amashanyarazi muri Amerika no mu Burayi.Kurugero, ibimoteri byinshi bishyirwa kumuhanda cyangwa ku bwinjiriro bwa parikingi nta buyobozi, bigira ingaruka ku ngendo zisanzwe zabanyamaguru.Hari ibibazo by'abaturage bamwe.Hariho kandi abantu bamwe batwara ibimoteri kumuhanda, bibangamira umutekano bwite wabanyamaguru.
Kubera icyorezo cyahageze, ikibuga cyo gutwara abantu ku isi cyagize ingaruka cyane.Ndetse ibimoteri bisangiwe byamashanyarazi bikemura cyane ibirometero byanyuma byahuye nibibazo bitigeze bibaho.
Ubu bwoko bwingirakamaro tutitaye kumipaka yigihugu bumaze imyaka itatu kandi bwagize ingaruka cyane mubucuruzi bwurubuga.
Nkigisubizo cy "ibirometero byanyuma" byurugendo, abantu bakunze gukoresha ibicuruzwa biva Lime, Inyoni nizindi mbuga zivanze na metero, bisi, nibindi. Nyuma yicyorezo, ahantu hose abantu batwara abantu bahura nigabanuka rikabije ryabagenzi.
Dukurikije imibare ya City Lab mu mpeshyi ishize, umubare w'abagenzi batwara abantu mu mijyi minini yo mu Burayi, Amerika n'Ubushinwa wagabanutseho 50-90%;urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu majyaruguru ya New York zonyine zagabanutseho 95%;akarere ka Bay karere MRT mumajyaruguru ya Californiya ya sisitemu yagabanutseho 93% mugihe cyukwezi.
Muri iki gihe, igabanuka ryihuse ry’imikoreshereze y’ibicuruzwa “bitwara ibice bitatu byashizweho” byatangijwe na Lime na Bird byabaye byanze bikunze.
Byongeye kandi, yaba ibimoteri by'amashanyarazi, amagare y'amashanyarazi cyangwa amagare, ibi bikoresho by'ingendo bifata uburyo bwo kugabana, ikibazo cya virusi mu cyorezo cyazanye abantu mu buryo bwimbitse, abakoresha ntibashobora kwizeza ko bazakora ku modoka abandi bafite gukoraho gusa.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na McKinsey, bwaba ubucuruzi cyangwa ingendo z'umuntu ku giti cye, “gutinya kwandura virusi ku bigo bisangiwe” byabaye impamvu nyamukuru ituma abantu banga gukoresha ingendo zoroheje.
Uku kugabanuka kwibikorwa kwagize ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye amafaranga yinjira mu bigo byose.
Mu mpeshyi ya 2020, nyuma yo kugera ku ntambwe y’abagenzi miliyoni 200 ku isi, Lime yabwiye abashoramari ko iyi sosiyete izagera ku mafaranga meza kandi akagenda neza ku nshuro ya mbere mu gihembwe cya gatatu cy’uwo mwaka, kandi ko byabyara inyungu. umwaka wose wa 2021.
Icyakora, uko ingaruka z'icyorezo zigenda ziyongera ku isi, uko ubucuruzi bwakurikiyeho ntabwo bwahindutse.
Nk’uko raporo y’ubushakashatsi ibigaragaza, gukoresha buri cyuma cy’amashanyarazi gisangiwe munsi yincuro enye kumunsi bizatuma uyikoresha adashobora kubaho neza (ni ukuvuga amafaranga y’abakoresha ntashobora kwishyura ikiguzi cya buri gare).
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Infomation kibitangaza ngo mu mwaka wa 2018, icyuma cy’amashanyarazi cy’inyoni cyakoreshwaga mu gihe cyo kugereranya inshuro 5 ku munsi, naho umukoresha usanzwe yishyura $ 3.65.Itsinda ry’inyoni ryabwiye abashoramari ko iyi sosiyete iri mu nzira yo kwinjiza miliyoni 65 z’amadolari y’Amerika ku mwaka n’inyungu rusange ya 19%.
Umubare rusange wa 19% urasa neza, ariko bivuze ko nyuma yo kwishyura kwishyuza, gusana, kwishyura, ubwishingizi, nibindi, Inyoni iracyakeneye gukoresha miliyoni 12 zamadorali gusa kugirango yishyure ubukode bwibiro hamwe n’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu bakozi.
Nk’uko imibare iheruka ibigaragaza, Inyoni yinjiza buri mwaka muri 2020 yari miliyoni 78 z'amadolari, igihombo cy’amafaranga arenga miliyoni 200.
Byongeye kandi, hari kwiyongera kw'ibiciro byo gukora byashyizwe hejuru kuri ibi: ku ruhande rumwe, urubuga rukora ntirushinzwe kwishyuza no kubungabunga ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo runabanduza kugira ngo isuku yabo ibe;kurundi ruhande, ibyo bicuruzwa ntabwo aribyo kugabana No gushushanya, biroroshye rero kumeneka.Ibi bibazo ntibisanzwe mubyiciro byambere byurubuga, ariko nkuko ibicuruzwa bishyirwa mumijyi myinshi kandi myinshi, iki kibazo kirasanzwe.
Ati: "Ubusanzwe ibimoteri byacu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru birashobora kumara amezi 3 kugeza ku gice cy'umwaka, mu gihe icyizere cyo kubaho cy’ibimoteri bisangiwe ari amezi 15, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa cyane ku bicuruzwa."Umuntu ukora ibikorwa bijyanye ninganda zijyanye n’inganda Impuguke zavuze ko nubwo ibicuruzwa by’ibi bigo bimwe bigenda byinjira buhoro buhoro mu modoka ziyubakiye mu cyiciro cya nyuma, igiciro kiracyagoye kugabanuka vuba, bikaba ari imwe mu mpamvu zituma inkunga ikomeza kuba idaharanira inyungu.
Nibyo, ikibazo cyinzitizi zinganda ziracyariho.Amahuriro nka Lime ninyoni ni abayobozi binganda.Nubwo bafite imari shingiro hamwe nibikorwa byiza, ibicuruzwa byabo ntabwo bifite uburambe bwo kuyobora.Uburambe bwibicuruzwa abakoresha bakoresha kumurongo utandukanye Birahinduka, kandi ntamuntu numwe mwiza cyangwa mubi.Muri iki kibazo, biroroshye kubakoresha guhindura serivisi kubera umubare wimodoka.
Biragoye kubona inyungu nini muri serivisi zitwara abantu, kandi mumateka, amasosiyete yonyine yagiye yunguka rwose ni abakora amamodoka.
Nyamara, urubuga rukodesha cyane cyane ibimoteri byamashanyarazi, amagare yamashanyarazi, hamwe nigare risangiwe birashobora kugera ikirenge mucya kandi bigatera imbere neza gusa bitewe numuvuduko uhamye kandi munini wabakoresha.Mugihe gito mbere yuko icyorezo kirangira, abashoramari nibibuga ntibashobora kubona ibyiringiro nkibi.
Mu ntangiriro za Mata 2018, Meituan yaguze Mobike yose kuri miliyari 2.7 z'amadolari y'Amerika, ibyo bikaba byarangiye intambara yo kugabana amagare mu gihugu.
Intambara yo gusiganwa ku magare ikomoka ku “ntambara yo ku rubuga rwa interineti” ishobora kuvugwa ko ari iyindi ntambara ishushanya mu gihe cy'umurwa mukuru.Gukoresha amafaranga no kwishyura kugirango bigarurire isoko, umuyobozi winganda nuwa kabiri bahujwe no kwiharira isoko burundu byari gahunda zikuze za interineti yo murugo icyo gihe, kandi ntanumwe murimwe.
Muri leta muri kiriya gihe, ba rwiyemezamirimo ntibari bakeneye, kandi ntibyashobokaga kubara amafaranga yinjira n’umusaruro winjira.Bavuga ko itsinda rya Mobike ryakize nyuma yibi birori, kandi isosiyete yagize igihombo kinini, nyuma yo kubona igishoro kinini maze itangira gutangiza serivisi "ikarita yukwezi".Nyuma yibyo, guhanahana igihombo ku isoko byarushijeho kugenzurwa.
Hatitawe ku kuba ari imiduga ikurura imodoka cyangwa amagare asangiwe, serivisi zitwara abantu ningendo zahoze ari inganda zisaba akazi kandi zifite inyungu nke.Gusa ibikorwa byimbitse kurubuga birashobora kubyara inyungu rwose.Ariko, hamwe ninkunga yumusazi yishoramari, ba rwiyemezamirimo bari munzira byanze bikunze bazinjira mumaraso "intambara yo kubigiramo uruhare".
Ni muri urwo rwego, ibimoteri by’amashanyarazi mu Burayi no muri Amerika bishobora kuvugwa ko bisa n’amagare asanganywe, kandi ni “ibihe bya zahabu” by’imari shoramari ishoramari ahantu hose.Mugihe cyo gushora imari, abashoramari bashishoza bitondera cyane amakuru yinjira ninjiza-yinjiza.Muri iki gihe, kugwa kwa unicorn kugabana ibimoteri byamashanyarazi byanze bikunze birangira.
Muri iki gihe, iyo isi igenda imenyera buhoro buhoro icyorezo kandi ubuzima bugenda bwiyongera, icyifuzo cya “kilometero ya nyuma” mu bijyanye no gutwara abantu kiracyahari.
McKinsey yakoze ubushakashatsi ku bantu barenga 7000 mu turere turindwi tw’isi ku isi nyuma y’iki cyorezo, maze asanga ko uko isi igarutse mu buryo busanzwe, abantu bakunda gukoresha ibinyabiziga bitwara abantu ku giti cyabo mu cyiciro gikurikira biziyongera ku gipimo cya 9% hamwe nigihe cyambere cyicyorezo.Ibyifuzo byo gukoresha verisiyo isangiwe yimodoka zitwara mikoro byiyongereyeho 12%.
Ikigaragara ni uko hari ibimenyetso byo gukira mubijyanye ningendo-nto, ariko biragoye cyane kuvuga niba ibyiringiro byigihe kizaza ari ibimoteri byamashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-19-2022