Nigute ushobora gukemura byoroshye ikibazo cyurugendo rurerure?Kugabana amagare?imodoka y'amashanyarazi?imodoka?Cyangwa ubwoko bushya bwamashanyarazi?
Inshuti witonze uzasanga ibimoteri bito kandi bigendanwa byamashanyarazi byabaye amahitamo yambere kubakiri bato benshi.
Ibimoteri bitandukanye
Imiterere isanzwe yimashanyarazi ni L-shusho, igice kimwe cyimiterere, cyakozwe muburyo bwa minimalist.Umuyoboro urashobora gushushanywa kugirango uhetamye cyangwa ugororotse, kandi inkingi yo kuyobora hamwe nigitambambuga muri rusange bigera kuri 70 °, bishobora kwerekana ubwiza bwa curvilinear bwinteko ihuriweho.Nyuma yo kuzinga, scooter yamashanyarazi ifite "imiterere imwe".Ku ruhande rumwe, irashobora kwerekana ibintu byoroshye kandi byiza byiziritse, naho kurundi ruhande, biroroshye gutwara.
Amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi arazwi cyane muri buri wese.Usibye imiterere, hari ibyiza byinshi:
Igendanwa: Ingano ya scooters yamashanyarazi muri rusange ni nto, kandi umubiri muri rusange ukozwe muri aluminiyumu, yoroheje kandi ishobora kugenda.Ugereranije n'amagare y'amashanyarazi, ibimoteri byamashanyarazi birashobora gutwarwa byoroshye mumurongo wimodoka, cyangwa bigatwarwa muri metero, bisi, nibindi, birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gutwara, byoroshye cyane.
Kurengera ibidukikije: Irashobora guhaza ibikenerwa ningendo nke za karubone.Ugereranije n’imodoka, nta mpamvu yo guhangayikishwa n’imodoka zo mu mujyi n’ibibazo byo guhagarara.
Ubukungu buhanitse: Scooter yamashanyarazi ikoreshwa na batiri ya lithium, bateri ni ndende kandi gukoresha ingufu ni bike.
Bikora neza: Scooters yamashanyarazi muri rusange ikoresha moteri ihoraho ya moteri cyangwa moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi.Moteri ifite ibisohoka binini, gukora neza, hamwe n urusaku ruke.Mubisanzwe, umuvuduko ntarengwa urashobora kugera kuri 20km / h, wihuta cyane kuruta amagare asangiwe.
Ibigize amashanyarazi
Dufashe urugero rw'amashanyarazi yo murugo nk'urugero, hari ibice birenga 20 mumodoka yose.Birumvikana ko ibyo atari byose.Hariho kandi na sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri imbere yimodoka.
Moteri ya scooter yamashanyarazi muri rusange ikoresha moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi cyangwa moteri ihoraho ya moteri hamwe na watt amagana hamwe nubugenzuzi bwihariye.Igenzura rya feri muri rusange rikoresha ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma;bateri ya lithium ifite ubushobozi butandukanye, bushobora guhinduka ukurikije ibyo ukeneye byukuri.Hitamo, niba ufite ibisabwa bimwe byihuta, gerageza uhitemo bateri iri hejuru ya 48V;niba ufite ibisabwa kugirango ugende, gerageza uhitemo bateri ifite ubushobozi buri hejuru ya 10Ah.
Imiterere yumubiri wa scooter yamashanyarazi igena imbaraga nuburemere bwayo.Igomba kuba ifite umutwaro wo gutwara byibura ibiro 100 kugirango umenye neza ko scooter ifite imbaraga zihagije zo guhangana n'ikizamini ku mihanda minini.Kugeza ubu, scooter ikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi ni aluminiyumu, ntabwo yoroheje gusa muburemere, ariko kandi ni nziza muburyo bukomeye.
Igikoresho cyibikoresho gishobora kwerekana amakuru nkumuvuduko uriho na mileage, hamwe na capacitive touch ecran muri rusange byatoranijwe;amapine muri rusange aza muburyo bubiri, amapine adafite amapine nipine pneumatike, kandi amapine adafite igituba ahenze cyane;kubishushanyo byoroheje, ikadiri ikozwe muri aluminiyumu.Ibimoteri bisanzwe byamashanyarazi bigurishwa hagati yamafaranga 1000-3000.
Isesengura ryibanze ryikoranabuhanga rya Scooter
Niba ibice bigize scooter yamashanyarazi byashenywe kandi bigasuzumwa umwe umwe, igiciro cya moteri na sisitemu yo kugenzura nicyo kinini.Muri icyo gihe, ni n '“ubwonko” bwa moteri y'amashanyarazi.Gutangira, gukora, gutera imbere no gusubira inyuma, umuvuduko, no guhagarara kumashanyarazi biterwa na Byose ni sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri muri scooters.
Amashanyarazi ashobora gukora vuba kandi neza, kandi afite ibisabwa byinshi kumikorere ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga, kimwe nibisabwa cyane kumikorere ya moteri.Muri icyo gihe, nk'uburyo bufatika bwo gutwara abantu, sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga isabwa kwihanganira kunyeganyega, guhangana n'ibidukikije bikaze, kandi bifite ubwizerwe buhanitse.
MCU ikora binyuze mumashanyarazi, kandi ikoresha interineti yitumanaho kugirango ivugane na module yo kwishyuza hamwe n'amashanyarazi hamwe na module.Moderi yo gutwara amarembo ihujwe namashanyarazi nigenzura rikuru MCU, kandi itwara moteri ya BLDC binyuze mumuzunguruko wa OptiMOSTM.Imyanya yimyanya ya Hall irashobora kumva aho moteri ihagaze, kandi sensor iriho hamwe na sensor yihuta irashobora gukora sisitemu yo gufunga-gufunga uburyo bwo kugenzura moteri.
Nyuma ya moteri itangiye gukora, sensor ya Hall yunvikana aho moteri ihagaze, ihindura ikimenyetso cyumwanya wa rotor magnetiki pole mukimenyetso cyamashanyarazi, ikanatanga amakuru yukuri yo kugabanuka kumurongo wa elegitoronike kugirango ugenzure uburyo bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi. muburyo bwa elegitoronike yo guhinduranya ibintu, no kugaburira amakuru muri MCU.
Icyuma kigezweho hamwe na sensor yihuta ikora sisitemu ebyiri ifunze-izunguruka.Itandukaniro ryihuta ninjiza, kandi umugenzuzi wihuta azasohoka bihuye nubu.Noneho itandukaniro riri hagati yikigezweho nukuri kigezweho rikoreshwa nkinjiza yubu bugenzuzi, hanyuma PWM ijyanye nayo isohoka kugirango itware rotor ihoraho.Kuzenguruka ubudasiba kugirango uhindure igenzura no kugenzura umuvuduko.Gukoresha sisitemu ebyiri ifunze-loop sisitemu irashobora kongera anti-kwivanga kwa sisitemu.Sisitemu ya kabiri ifunze-izunguruka yongerera ibitekerezo kugenzura ibyagezweho, bishobora kugabanya kurenza urugero no kurenza urugero, kandi bikabona ingaruka nziza yo kugenzura, arirwo rufunguzo rwo kugenda neza kwamashanyarazi.
Byongeye kandi, amapikipiki amwe afite ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birwanya feri.Sisitemu itahura umuvuduko wikiziga wunva sensor yihuta.Niba ibonye ko uruziga rufunze, ihita igenzura imbaraga zo gufata feri yikiziga gifunze kuburyo iba iri mukuzunguruka no kunyerera (igipimo cyo kunyerera kuruhande ni 20%)), bikarinda umutekano wu nyiri scooter.
Amashanyarazi ya scooter chip igisubizo
Kubera umuvuduko wumutekano ntarengwa, imbaraga za scooters rusange zamashanyarazi zigarukira kuri 1KW kugeza 10KW.Kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura na batiri ya scooter y'amashanyarazi, Infineon itanga igisubizo cyuzuye:
Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho bya sisitemu isanzwe igenzura ibishushanyo bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, kirimo cyane cyane disiki ya MCU, umuzunguruko w’irembo, umuzunguruko wa MOS, moteri, icyuma cya Hall, sensor ya none, sensor yihuta nubundi buryo.
Ikintu cyingenzi kubyerekeranye namashanyarazi ni kugenda neza.Mu gice kibanziriza iki, twerekanye ko hari imirongo 3 ifunze kugirango umutekano wibimoteri byamashanyarazi: ikigezweho, umuvuduko na Hall.Kuri ibi bikoresho bitatu bifunze-bizenguruka ibikoresho byingenzi - sensor, Infineon itanga sensor zitandukanye zitandukanye.
Guhindura imyanya ya Hall birashobora gukoresha TLE4961-xM ikurikirana ya Hall yatanzwe na Infineon.TLE4961-xM ni icyuma cyuzuzanya cya Hall-effet cyagenewe porogaramu zisobanutse neza zifite ingufu zidasanzwe zo gutanga amashanyarazi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gukora hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa magneti.Inzu ya Hall ikoreshwa mugutahura imyanya, ifite ubushishozi buhanitse, ifite kurinda polarite ikingira hamwe nimirimo yo gukingira birenze urugero, kandi ikoresha pake ntoya ya SOT kugirango ibike umwanya wa PCB.
Rukuruzi rwubu rukoresha Infineon TLI4971 sensor igezweho:
TLI4971 ni Infineon yerekana neza cyane miniature idafite imbaraga za magnetiki ya sensor ya sensor ya AC na DC, hamwe na interineti igereranya hamwe nibisohoka byihuse byihuta byerekana kandi byatsinze UL.TLI4971 irinda ingaruka mbi zose (kwiyuzuzamo, hystereze) ihuriweho na sensor ukoresheje tekinoroji ya flux kandi ifite ibikoresho byo kwisuzumisha imbere.TLI4971′s yafashijwe muburyo bwa tekinoroji igereranya ikorana buhanga hamwe nindishyi zubushyuhe zitanga umutekano urenze ubushyuhe nubuzima.Ihame ryo gupima ritandukanye ryemerera umurima uyobye cyane iyo ukorera ahantu habi.
Umuvuduko wihuta ukoresha Infineon TLE4922, sensor ya Hall ikora neza kugirango imenye icyerekezo n'umwanya wa ferromagnetic na magnetiki ihoraho, iyindi modoka yo kwisuzumisha ishyirwa mubikorwa neza.Ifite voltage ikora ya 4.5-16V kandi ikaza muri pake ntoya ya PG-SSO-4-1 hamwe na ESD hamwe na EMC itajegajega.
Ubuhanga bwo gushushanya kumashanyarazi yibikoresho byamashanyarazi
Ibimoteri byamashanyarazi nabyo bifite umwihariko mubishushanyo mbonera.Mugice cyibyuma, interineti ikoreshwa muri rusange igizwe ninteruro nyinshi ya zahabu itunga urutoki, ikaba yorohewe kandi ihamye yo guhuza amashanyarazi.
Mu kibaho cya sisitemu yo kugenzura, MCU itunganijwe hagati yinama yumuzunguruko, kandi umuzenguruko wamarembo utunganijwe kure gato ya MCU.Mugihe cyo gushushanya, hagomba kwitonderwa ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza amarembo yumuzingi kugirango bisuzumwe.Imiyoboro ya tereviziyo ya terefone itangwa ku kibaho cyamashanyarazi kugirango ihuze cyane hifashishijwe imirongo yumuringa.Kuri buri cyiciro gisohoka, imirongo ibiri yumuringa ikora ihuza rya bisi ya DC, ihuza ibice byose bisa kimwe cya kabiri cyikiraro cyicyo cyiciro na banki ya capacitor hamwe n amashanyarazi ya DC.Undi murongo wumuringa uhujwe ugereranije nibisohoka igice cya kiraro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-23-2022